目錄
學習影片
單字
scientific
adj. 科學的
insert
v. 插入
thick
adj. 厚的
affect
v. 影響
stick
v. 黏住
extremely
adv. 極度地;非常
permanently
adv. 永久地
文法
分詞構句與關係代子句簡化為分詞片語
Participle Clauses and Reduced Relative Clauses
因為分詞構句與關係代子句簡化為分詞片語都以現在或過去分詞的方式呈現,所以很多人會把兩者搞混。關係代子句簡化為分詞片語通常出現於名詞(先行詞)後,是省略關係代名詞後形成的分詞片語。例如影片例句:Spider webs, one-tenth the size of a piece of hair, are able to catch insects flying upwards of 15 miles an hour. 這裡的 flying 修飾先行詞 insects,可以將句子還原成:able to catch insects that fly upwards of 15 miles an hour. 分詞構句目的在「簡化」句子,當兩句主詞相同時,會省略「表示原因、條件、時間等」那句的主詞,而動詞改為分詞。例如影片例句:This creates electrostatic forces, allowing them to stick with a strength of 170 times their own weight. 這裡可以將句子寫成:This creates electrostatic forces and allows them to stick with a strength of 170 times their own weight. 至於是要變成現在分詞(Ving)還是過去分詞(V.pp),就要看該動詞是否是被動態。如果不是被動的話,該動詞改為Ving;如果是被動,則保留Vpp的型態。
### 例句
- The window broken by Johan is being fixed.
那扇被Johan打破的窗現在正在被修復。(分詞片語broken by Johan修飾某扇特定的窗戶。)
- Having a fever, I didn't go to work today.
因為發燒,所以我今天沒去上班。(分詞構句表示原因Because I have a fever簡化成Having a fever)
- Shocked by the news, my sister hasn't spoken for a while.
因為我姊被那則新聞所震驚,這幾天半句話也不說。(分詞構句表示原因Because my sister was shocked by the news簡化成Shocked by the news)